VOLUME 77 PART 8 FEBRUARY 1979 ISSN 0303-2515

CAPE TOWN

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

1. MATERIAL should be original and not published elsewhere, in whole or in part.

2. LAYOUT should be as follows:

(a) Centred masthead to consist of Title: informative but concise, without abbreviations and not including the names of new genera or species Author’s(s’) name(s) : Address(es) of author(s) (institution where work was carried out) Number of illustrations (figures, enumerated maps and tables, in this order) (b) Abstract of not more than 200 words, intelligible to the reader without reference to the text (c) Table of contents giving hierarchy of headings and subheadings (d) Introduction : j : : (e) Subject-matter of the paper, divided into sections to correspond with those given in table of contents (f) Summary, if paper is lengthy (g) Acknowledgements (h) References (i) Abbreviations, where these are numerous

3. MANUSCRIPT, to be submitted in triplicate, should be typewritten and neat, double spaced with 2,5 cm margins all round. First lines of paragraphs should be indented. Tables and a list of legends for illustrations should be typed separately, their positions indicated in the text. All pages should be numbered consecutively.

Major headings of the paper are centred capitals; first subheadings are shouldered small capitals; second subheadings are shouldered italics; third subheadings are indented, shouldered italics. Further subdivisions should be avoided, as also enumeration (never roman numerals) of headings and abbreviations.

Footnotes should be avoided unless they are short and essential.

Only generic and specific names should be underlined to indicate italics; all other marking up should be left to editor and publisher.

4. ILLUSTRATIONS should be reducible to a size not exceeding 12 « 18 cm (19 cm including legend); the reduction or enlargement required should be indicated; originals larger than 35 x 47 cm should not be submitted; photographs should be rectangular in shape and final size. A metric scale should appear with all illustrations, otherwise magnification or reduction should be given in the legend; if the latter, then the final reduction or enlargement should be taken into consideration.

All illustrations, whether line drawings or photographs, should be termed figures (plates are not printed; half-tones will appear in their proper place in the text) and numbered in a single series. Items of composite figures should be designated by capital letters; lettering of figures is not set in type and should be in lower-case letters.

The number of the figure should be lightly marked in pencil on the back of each illustration.

5. REFERENCES cited in text and synonymies should all be included in the list at the end of the paper, using the Harvard System (ibid., idem, loc. cit., op. cit. are not acceptable):

(a) Author’s name and year of publication given in text, e.g.:

‘Smith (1969) describes .. .’

‘Smith (1969: 36, fig. 16) describes .. .’

“As described (Smith 1969a, 19695; Jones 1971)’ “As described (Haughton & Broom 1927)...’ ‘As described (Haughton et al. 1927)...’

Note: no comma separating name and year Dagination indicated by colon, not p. names of joint authors connected by ampersand et al. in text for more than two joint authors, but names of all authors given in list of references.

(b) Full references at the end of the paper, arranged alphabetically by names, chronologically within each name, with suffixes a, b, etc. to the year for more than one paper by the same author in that year, e.g. Smith (1969a, 19694) and not Smith (1969, 1969a).

For books give title in italics, edition, volume number, place of publication, publisher.

For journal article give title of article, title of journal in italics (abbreviated according to the World list o, scientific periodicals. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 1963), series in parentheses, volume number, part number (only if independently paged) in parentheses, pagination (first and last pages of article).

Examples (note capitalization and punctuation)

BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

FIscHER, P.—H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140.

FiscHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines. Archs Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320.

Konun, A. J. 19606. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. Bull, Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51.

THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270. Jena: Fischer. Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270.

(continued inside back cover)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 77 Band February 1979 Februarie Part > 8 Deel

SH SY ESS 2S B:8.8:3:9)

o>

Be > Coun novi 8

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA (COELENTERATA)

IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

By

N. A. H. MILLARD

Cape Town Kaapstad

The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material becomes available

Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town

Die ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na beskikbaarheid van stof

Verkrygbaar van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum, Posbus 61, Kaapstad

OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK

1, 2(1-3, 5-8), 3(1-2, 4-5, 8, t.-p.i.), 5(1-3, 5, 7-9), 6(1, t.—p.i.), 711-4), 8, 9(1-2, 7), 10(1-3), 11(1-2, 5, 7, t.-p.i.), 15(4-5), 24(2), 27, 31(1-3), 32(5), 33

Copyright enquiries to the South African Museum

Kopieregnavrae na die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum

ISBN 0 908407 62 9

Printed in South Africa by In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd., Die Rustica-pers, Edms., Bpk., Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA (COELENTERATA) IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

By N. A. H. MILLARD South African Museum, Cape Town LMS. accepted 31 October 1978] ABSTRACT

A list is given of seventy-nine types of Hydroida housed in the South African Museum, including spirit material, whole mounts and microscope sections.

CONTENTS PAGE Introduction a : : ; y 133) Species list . 3 ; ; : . 134 References . : : : : . 149 INTRODUCTION

This paper lists the type holdings of Hydroida in the South African Museum, and includes not only material preserved in alcohol, but also whole mounts and sections prepared for microscopic examination.

The arrangement of families, genera and species is the same as that used by Millard (1975).

Each specimen has a South African Museum registered number (prefixed by the letters SAM-—H), and in most cases a second number is quoted too, which is that of the coilector’s catalogue. For the latter the following abbreviations are used:

UCT University of Cape Town; material from the Ecological Survey of the intertidal rocky shore, the estuaries and the benthic region of the South African seas. It should be noted that most of the U.C.T. collection of hydroids is now housed in the South African Museum.

PF = Material collected by the old Government Survey vessel, the R.S. Pieter Faure. The positions given in the Pieter Faure catalogue were not very reliable, but have been converted here as accurately as possible into latitude/longitude positions.

MD _ Duplicate material from the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, collected during the cruise MD.03 of the Marion-Dufresne (Millard 1977a).

MT Duplicate material from the collection of the Musée Royal de I’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium, collected by J. Bouillon (Millard & Bouillon 1973, 1974, 1975).

133

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. T7 (8), 1979: 133-150.

134 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

SM__— Material collected by the R.V. Meiring Naude off the east coast of South Africa (Millard 19775).

TME Duplicate material from the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copen- hagen, collected during Th. Mortensen’s Java—South Africa Expedition, 1929-1930 (Millard 1968).

SPECIES LIST

Suborder ATHECATA

Family Myriothelidae Monocoryne minor Millard, 1966: 435, fig. 1.

Holotype: SAM-H417 (UCT SCD 215C). One fertile specimen detached from substratum.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 34°03’S 25°58’E; 78 m; 25 November 1960. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Mpyriothela tentaculata Millard, 1966: 437, fig. 2.

Holotype: SAM-—H418 (UCT WCD 7Q). One male individual on encrusting bryozoan.

Locality: Off west coast of Cape Peninsula, 34°09,3’S 18°17,5’E; 43 m; 24 March 1959.

Paratype: SAM-H2915 (UCT WCD 7Q). Microscope sections of male individual; locality as holotype.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Family Corynidae Bicorona elegans Millard, 1966: 441, fig. 3.

Holotype: SAM-—H419 (UCT SB 161X). Rich male and female colonies; plus one whole mount; plus microscope sections.

Locality: Saldanha Bay, 33°02,5’S 18°02’E; littoral; September 1957.

Collected by: University of Cape Town. This is the type species of the genus Bicorona Millard, 1966.

Family Eudendriidae Eudendrium deciduum Millard, 1957: 184, fig. 2.

Holotype: SAM-H98 (UCT FAL 52V). Male and female colonies; plus one whole mount; plus microscope sections.

Locality: False Bay, from 34°09,3’S 18°49,6’E to 34°09’S 18°50,1’E; 18 m; 25 June 1952.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 135

Eudendrium ritchiei Millard, 1975: 87, fig. 30.

Holotype: SAM-—H1803. Abundant male and female colonies; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: Saunders Rocks, Sea Point; littoral; 5 March 1973. Collected by: N. A. H. Millard.

Family Bougainvilliidae

Clavopsella quadranularia Thiel, 1962: 227, figs 1-28. = Clavopsella navis: Millard, 1975: 100, fig. 34A—D. (See also Rhizorhagium navis.) Schizoparatypes: SAM-H1774, H1775 (presented by Dr H. Thiel 1972). Locality: Kiel Canal.

Rhizorhagium navis Millard, 1959b: 244, fig. 2.

= Clavopsella navis: Millard, 1975: 100, fig. 34A—D. (See also Clavopsella quadranularia.)

Holotype: SAM-—H124 (UCT SH 429B). Male and female colonies on weed and other hydroids; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Cape Town docks, on ship’s hull; 10 February 1958. Collected by: N. A. H. Millard.

Silhouetta uvacarpa Millard & Bouillon, 1973: 25, fig. 3A—D, pls 2-3.

Schizoholotype: SAM-—H2916 (MT 2664). Three whole mounts only, bearing medusa buds.

Locality: Silhouette Island, Seychelles; 1966. Collected by J. Bouillon. This is the type species of the genus Si/houetta Millard & Bouillon, 1973.

Family Hydractiniidae

Clavactinia multitentaculata Millard, 1975: 106, fig. 35C—G. As Hydractinia sp.: Millard, 1968: 255.

Holotype: SAM-—H389 (PF station 10724). Male colony on shell of gastro- pod Melapium lineatum (Lamarck), occupied by hermit Dardanus arrosor (Herbst); plus two whole mounts; plus microscope sections.

Locality: off Natal, approx. 29°54’S 31°11’E; 99 m; 14 December 1900. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

136 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Hydractinia altispina Millard, 1955: 215, fig. 1.

Lectotype: SAM—H87 (UCT F 274). Male colony on gastropod Thais squamosa (Lamarck); plus microscope sections.

Locality: St James, False Bay; littoral; 1 August 1936.

Paralectotypes: SAM-—-H88 (UCT CP 258). Infertile colonies on two specimens of Thais squamosa; plus one whole mount; St James, False Bay; littoral; April, 1944.

SAM-H89 (UCT B 92). Colonies with very young gonophores on two specimens of Thais squamosa; Lambert’s Bay; littoral; 30 July 1938. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Hydractinia canalifera Millard, 1957: 179, fig. 1.

Holotype: SAM-—H97 (UCT CP 332). Female colony on weed; plus one whole mount; plus microscope sections.

Locality: Clovelly, False Bay; littoral; 23 August 1949. Collected by: N. A. H. Millard.

Hydractinia diogenes Millard, 1959a: 305, fig. 2.

Holotype: SAM—H123 (UCT MOR 51H). Male and female colonies on five gastropod shells occupied by hermits Diogenes costatus (Fabricius); plus three whole mounts; plus microscope sections.

Locality: off mouth of Rio Coche, Mozambique; 3—5 m; 21 January 1954. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Hydractinia kaffraria Millard, 1955: 217, fig. 2. Lectotype: SAM-—H90 (UCT BRE 111A). Female colony on gastropod Nassarius kraussianus (Dunker). Locality: Breede River estuary; 3 February 1952.

Paralectotypes: SAM—H92 (UCT SUN 3N). Colonies on five specimens of Nassarius kraussianus; plus one whole mount; Sunday’s River estuary; 7 January 1950.

SAM-H91 (UCT HAM 3Q). Microscope sections of female colony; Keiskama River estuary, The Haven; 9 January 1950.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Hydractinia marsupialia Millard, 1975: 113, fig. 38.

Holotype: SAM-H1854 (UCT TB 13). Female colony on gastropod Nassarius speciosus Adams; plus microscope sections of male and female colonies.

Locality: Table Bay; 9-18 m; 4 August 1946.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 13)7/

Paratypes: SAM-H1855 (UCT TB 14 plus 15). Nine colonies, male and female, on Nassarius speciosus; plus one whole mount; Table Bay; 17-20 m; 25 October 1946 and 11 February 1947.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Family Cytaeidae

Podocoryne nassa Millard, 1959a: 307, fig. 3. = Cytaeis nassa: Rees, 1962: 390, figs 8-9, pl. 11.

Holotype: SAM-—H122 (UCT IN 112). Fertile colonies on two shells of gastropod Nassarius fenestratus Marrat; plus one whole mount; plus microscope sections.

Locality: Punta Torres, Inhaca Island, Mozambique; littoral; 18 September 1955.

Collected by: University of the Witwatersrand.

Suborder THECATA

Family Campanulinidae

Aequorea africana Millard, 1966: 461, fig. 8.

Holotype: SAM—H420 (UCT MB 70G). Fertile colony on empty gastropod shell; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: Mossel Bay, 34°08,9’S 22°07,9’E; 18 m; 19 January 1956. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Egmundella amirantensis Millard & Bouillon, 1973: 40, fig. 5A—D.

Schizoholotype: SAM—H2917 (MT 2665). One whole mount only of fertile material.

Locality: Amirante Island, Seychelles; 1966. Collected by: J. Bouillon.

Lineolaria gravierae Millard, 1975: 134, fig. 43H.

As Lineolaria sp.: Gravier, 1970: 144, figs 11, 13A. Millard & Bouillon, 1974: 22, hig: 2D:

Schizoholotype: SAM-—H1955. One whole mount (infertile) only. | Locality: Barreira Vermelha, Inhaca, Mozambique, 26°02’S 32°54’E; 1969. Collected by: J. Bouillon.

138 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Lovenella chiquitita Millard, 1957: 198, fig. 7.

Holotype: SAM-H103 (UCT FAL 288J). One whole mount only of fertile colony epizootic on Eudendrium deciduum Millard.

Locality: False Bay, 34°09,6’S 18°49,8’E; 18 m; 15 October 1897. Collector unknown. Paratypes: SAM-H104 (UCT FB 131K). Two whole mounts (infertile),

one epizootic on Sertularella polyzonias falsa Millard; False Bay, 34°09’S 18°26,7’E; 5-8 m; 13 December 1949.

SAM-H105 (UCT FAL 1080). One whole mount (infertile) epizootic on Sertularella polyzonias falsa; False Bay, 34°09,3’S 18°51’E; 8-12 m; 23 January 1953.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Family Haleciidae

Halecium dufresneae Millard, 1977a: 8, fig. 2A—D.

Schizoholotype: SAM—H2785 (MD station 26/63). Fragments of female colony; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Crozet Island, Chenal des Orques, 46°21,5’S 51°55’E; 230 m; 20 April 1974.

Collected by: R.V. Marion Dufresne.

Halecium inhacae Millard, 1958: 168, fig. 1.

Holotype: SAM-H114 (UCT IN 140H). Female colony on weed; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: Inhaca Island, Mozambique, east shore rocks; 20 July 1956. Collected by: University of the Witwatersrand.

Halecium paryvulum, var. magnum Millard, 1957: 190, fig. 4B—O. Since incorporated in Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876 (large form).

Holotype: SAM—H99 (UCT FAL 274R). Male and female colonies; plus three whole mounts.

Locality: False Bay, 34°10,9’S 18°27,2’E; 14-17 m; 21 September 1954.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Paratypes: SAM—H100 (UCT FAL 159L). Infertile colony; plus one whole mount; False Bay, 34°12,5’S 18°28’E; 0-3 m; 21 April 1953.

Collected by: University of Cape Town. SAM-HI11 (PF station 405). Male colony; plus two whole mounts; off Buffels Bay, False Bay; depth unknown; 8 October 1898. SAM-H30 (PF station 16287). Female colony; plus two whole mounts; off Cape Point, approx. 34°20’S 18°32’E; 59 m; 9 December 1902.

Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 139

Hydrodendron sympodiformis Millard & Bouillon, 1974: 25, fig. 5.

Schizoholotype: SAM-—H1732 (MT station InPT 42). Part of a female colony on weed; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Punta Torres, Inhaca, Mozambique; August 1969. Collected by: J. Bouillon.

Family Lafoeidae

Hebella furax Millard, 1957: 200, fig. 8.

Holotype: SAM-—H34 (PF station 18293). Infertile colony parasitic and epizootic on Lytocarpus filamentosus (Lamarck); plus two whole mounts.

Locality: False Bay, approx. 34°05,5’S 18°39’E; 15— 18 m; 7 December 1903. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

Paratype: SAM-H106 (UCT FAL 58Y). Infertile colony on Lytocarpus filamentosus; one whole mount only; False Bay, 34°09,4’S 18°50,4’E; 12'mis 25 tune 1952:

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Hebella muscensis Millard & Bouillon, 1975: 10, fig. 3A—B.

Schizoholotype: SAM—H2918 (MT station SEY 20K). Two whole mounts only of fertile colony epizootic on Synthecium sp.

Locality: Anse la Mouche, Seychelles; 1972. Collected by: J. Bouillon.

Hebella urceolata Millard, 1964: 11, fig. 2A. Since incorporated in Hebella scandens (Bale, 1888)

Holotype: SAM—H410 (UCT SCD 154H). Infertile colony epizootic on Halecium beanii (Johnston); plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 34°03’S 25°59’E; 84 m; 25 November 1960. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Scandia tubitheca Millard & Bouillon, 1975: 10. As Scandia corrugata: Millard & Bouillon, 1973: 60 (pro parte), fig. 8D-F.

Schizoholotype: SAM—H2919 (MT station Am IP). Male colony epizootic on Synthecium dentigerum Jarvis; two whole mounts only.

Locality: Amirante Island, Seychelles; 30 August 1966. Collected by: J. Bouillon.

Zygophylax cornucopia Millard, 1955: 219, fig. 3. = Hydrodendron cornucopia: Millard, 1973: 33, fig. 6A—-E (transferred to Haleciidae).

Holotype: SAM-H93 (UCT FB 131B). Male and female colonies epizootic on Antennella quadriaurita Ritchie; plus one whole mount.

140 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Locality: False Bay, 34°09’S 18°26,7’E; 5-8 m; 13 December 1949.

Paratypes: SAM-H94 (UCT TB 1B). Infertile colonies epizootic on A. quadriaurita; plus one whole mount; Table Bay, 33°47,5’S 18°24,3’E; 19-20 m; 11 February 1947.

SAM-H95 (UCT FAL 78S). Fertile colonies epizootic on A. quadriaurita: plus one whole mount; False Bay, several positions; 4-17 m; 19 August 1952-23 September 1954.

SAM-H96 (UCT FAL 217N); one whole mount of infertile colony epizootic on A. quadriaurita; False Bay, 34°07’S 18°32,5’E; 18 m; 9 September 1953.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Zygophylax crozetensis Millard, 1977a: 15, fig. 4.

Schizoholotype: SAM-—H2779 (MD station 26/64). Part of a large fertile colony; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Crozet Island, Chenal des Orques, 46°24’S 51°59’E; 180 m; 20 April 1974. Collected by: R.V. Marion Dufresne.

Zygophylax cnigmatica Millard, 1964: 19, fig. 5A—-F.

= Hydrodendron gracilis (Fraser, 1914): Millard, 1973: 33, fig. 6F—G (trans- ferred to Haleciidae).

Holotype: SAM-H411 (UCT WCD 12E); female colony epizootic on Nemertesia ramosa Lamouroux; two whole mounts only.

Locality: off Cape Town, 34°09,4’S 18°16,5’E; 75 m; 24 March 1959. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Zygophylax geminocarpa Millard, 1958: 177, fig. 4D-G.

Holotype: SAM-—H59 (PF station 12308). About eight fertile stems; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: off Natal, approx. 30°53’S 30°28’E; 66 m; 14 March 1901. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure. Zygophylax inconstans Millard, 1977b: 117, fig. 5.

Holotype: SAM-—H1975 (SM station 23J). A fertile, tangled colony on a bryozoan; plus one whole mount.

Locality: off Natal, 27°44,4’S 32°42,8’E; 400-450 m; 26 May 1975. Collected by: R.V. Meiring Naude. Zygophylax infundibulum Millard, 1958: 180, fig. 4B—C.

Holotype: SAM-—H36 (PF station 10781). Several infertile stems; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: off Natal, approx. 29°53’S 31°11’E; 155 m; 17 December 1900. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 141

Family Campanulariidae Campanularia laminacarpa Millard, 1966: 472, fig. 12E-K.

Holotype: SAM—H421 (UCT TRA 32A). A female colony epizootic on Thyroscyphus aequalis Warren; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 34°49’S 20°21,5’E; approx. 91 m; 9 November 1947,

Collected by: commercial trawler.

Campanularia morgansi Millard, 1957: 195, fig. 6.

Holotype: SAM-—H24 (PF station 15675). Female colonies epizootic on Corhiza scotiae (Ritchie) and Sertularella arbuscula (Lamouroux); plus one whole mount.

Locality: False Bay, approx. 34°28’S 18°32’E; 73 m; 9 October 1902.

Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

Paratypes: SAM-H7 (PF siation 351). Infertile colony epizootic on Salacia articulata (Pallas); plus one whole mount; False Bay, approx. 34°19’S 18°31’E; 58-62 m; 28 September 1898.

SAM-H32 (PF station 18232). Fertile colony epizootic on Eudendrium ?deciduum Millard; False Bay, approx. 34°27’S 18°45’E; 110 m; 11 November 1903. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure. SAM-H101 (UCT FB 119L plus FAL 289B). Male and infertile colonies epizootic on Salacia articulata (Pallas); plus two whole mounts; False Bay, 34°08,5’S 18°34,5’E; 27 m; 21 April 1947; and another locality in False Bay, exact location and collector unknown; 40 m; September 1897.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

SAM-H102 (UCT FAL 26L). Infertile colony on empty tubes; one whole mount only; False Bay, 34°13’S 18°29’E; 15-21 m; 5 March 1952. Collected by: J. C. Morgans.

Campanularia pecten Gow & Millard, 1975: 1, fig. 1. Holotype: SAM-H1659. Male colony growing on sea-grass Caulerpa filiformis (Suhr); plus four whole mounts. Locality: St James, False Bay; littoral; 29 March 1968. Collected by: C. Gow.

Campanularia roberti Gow & Millard, 1975: 3, fig. 2.

Holotype: SAM-H1660. Female colony growing on weed Sargassum longifolium (Turner) attached to the kelp Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck); plus four whole mounts.

Locality: Partridge Point, False Bay; 24 March 1968.

Collected by: R. W. Day.

142 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Campanularia subantarctica Millard, 1971: 403, fig. 5.

Holotype: SAM—H2920. Two whole mounts only of fertile colony epizootic on Symplectoscyphus marionensis Millard.

Locality: Near mouth of Soft Plume River, Marion Island; littoral; 7 February 1965.

Collected by: N. R. Fuller.

Clytia latitheca Millard & Bouillon, 1973: 55, fig. 7H-L.

Schizoholotype: SAM-—H2921 (MT 2666). Two whole mounts only of fertile colony.

Locality: Praslin Island, Seychelles; 1966. Collected by: J. Bouillon.

Clytia serrata Millard, 1958: 173, fig. 3C, H. = Clytia gravieri (Billard): Millard & Bouillon, 1973: 51, fig. 7E-G.

Holotype: SAM-H115 (UCT MOR 216C). One whole mount only of infertile colony epizootic on Eudendrium carneum Clarke.

Locality: On wreck at Linga Linga, Morrumbene estuary, Mozambique; 15 July 1954.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Family Syntheciidae Hincksella corrugata Millard, 1958: 181, fig. 5.

Holotype: SAM-H85 (PF station 12456). Infertile colony on weed; plus one whole mount.

Locality: off Natal, approx. 30°32’S 30°38,5’E; 46 m; 22 March 1901. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

Hincksella indiana Millard, 1967: 178, fig. 3D-G.

Holotype: SAM-—H1646 (UCT AFR 1235A). One infertile stem in three parts; plus one whole mount of hydrocladia.

Locality: south of Madagascar, 27°48’S 47°19’E; 875 m; 22 June 1961. Collected by: R.V. Africana IT.

Synthecium hians Millard, 1957: 204, fig. 9A—C.

Holotype: SAM-H107 (UCT FAL 214G). Several infertile stems; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: False Bay, 34°12,4’S 18°43,5’E; 42 m; 10 September 1953. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 143

Family Sertulariidae

Salacia disjuncta Millard, 1964: 31, fig. l|OA—F. Holotype: SAM—H412 (UCT SCD 37K). One whole mount only (infertile). Locality: Agulhas Bank, 32°15,2’S 28°57,7’E; 50 m; 19 May 1958.

Paratype: SAM-H1782 (UCT SCD 296H). One whole mount only (infertile); Agulhas Bank, 33°09’S 28°02’E; 84 m; 6 February 1962.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Sertularella agulhensis Millard, 1964: 35, fig. 12A.

Holotype: SAM—H413 (UCT TRA 1I51F). Several infertile stems; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 34°51’S 19°55’E; 22 m; 6 March 1958. Collected by: commercial trawler.

Sertularella capensis Millard, 1957: 210, fig. 10H.

Holotype: SAM-—H108 (UCT FB 114A). A rich infertile colony; plus one whole mount.

Locality: False Bay, 34°07,5’S 18°31’E; 27-28 m; 22 February 1947.

Paratypes: SAM-H109 (UCT FB 115D). A fairly rich infertile colony; False Bay, 34°08’S 18°31,5’E; 27-28 m; 22 February 1947.

SAM-H110 (UCT FAL 64L). A fairly rich infertile colony; plus one whole mount; False Bay, 34°17,3’S 18°48,7’E; 37-38 m; 29 July 1952.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Sertularella capensis delicata Millard, 1964: 38, fig. 12B—D. Since incorporated in Sertularella annulaventricosa Mulder & Trebilcock, 1915.

Holotype: SAM-H414 (UCT NAD 22F). Several infertile stems; plus one whole mount.

Locality: off Natal, 29°58’S 31°02’E; 49 m; 12 August 1958. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Sertularella congregata Millard, 1964: 39, fig. 13A—D.

Holotype: SAM—H415 (UCT SCD 254Q). Fertile colony; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 33°07,3’S 28°01’E; 88 m; 16 July 1961. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Paratype: SAM-H185. Infertile colony; plus one whole mount; Agulhas Bank, 33°09’S 28°03’E; 86 m; 28 December 1898.

Collector unknown.

144 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Sertularella dubia, var. magna Millard, 1958: 189, fig. 7A. = Sertularella dubia magna Millard. Holotype: SAM-H54 (PF station 12028). Several infertile stems; plus one whole mount. Locality: off Natal, approx. 28°41’S 32°22’E; 62 m; 27 February 1901. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

Sertularella falsa Millard, 1957: 211, figs 10F, 11D. = Sertularella polyzonias falsa Millard. Holotype: SAM-H111 (UCT FB 119C). A fairly rich fertile colony; plus one whole mount. Locality: False Bay, 34°08,5’S 18°34,5’E; 27 m; 21 April 1947. Paratypes: SAM-H112 (UCT FB 131H). Rich fertile colonies from several localities in False Bay and on various dates; plus one whole mount.

SAM-H113 (UCT CP 333B). Fertile colony; plus one whole mount; Dalebrook, False Bay; littoral; 25 August 1949.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Sertularella gilchristi Millard, 1964: 44, fig. 12E, G-H.

Holotype: SAM—H416 (UCT SCD 85J). A fairly rich male colony; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 33°03’S 27°55’E; 27 m; 17 July 1959. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Sertularella mediterranea var. asymmetrica Millard, 1958: 191, fig. 7B. = Sertularella mediterranea asymmetrica Millard.

Holotype: SAM-H116 (UCT IN 49K). Several female stems; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: Inhaca Island, Mozambique; littoral; 1954. Collected by: University of the Witwatersrand.

Sertularella natalensis Millard, 1968: 271, fig. 4E-G. Schizoholotype: SAM—H2922 (TME 23M). One whole mount only. Locality: off Natal, 29°47,5’S 31°11,8’E; 64 m; 22 August 1929. Collected by: Th. Mortensen’s Java—South Africa Expedition.

Sertularia linealis var. longa Millard, 1958: 197, fig. 8E. = Sertularia longa: Millard & Bouillon, 1974: 33, fig. 7D, J.

Holotype: SAM-H117 (UCT IN 140E). Infertile colony on weed; plus one whole mount.

Locality: East Shore Rocks, Inhaca Island, Mozambique; 20 July 1956. Collected by: University of the Witwatersrand.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 145

Symplectoscyphus marionensis Millard, 1971: 405, fig. 7. Holotype: SAM-—H2923. One whole mount only of fertile colony. Locality: near Soft Plume River, Marion Island; littoral; 1965. Collected by: N. R. Fuller.

Uniscyphus fragilis Millard, 19776: 122, fig. 7E-G.

Holotype: SAM—H1982 (SM station 43). Two hydrothecae; plus one whole mount of three hydrothecae.

Locality: off Natal, 28°45,5’S 32°24,5’E; 360-420 m; 29 May 1975. Collected by: R.V. Meiring Naude. This is the type species of the genus Uniscyphus Millard, 1977.

Family Plumulariidae

Subfamily Halopterinae

Corhiza bellicosa Millard, 1962: 275, fig. 2A—E.

Holotype: SAM-—H364 (UCT SCD 84S). Several infertile stems; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 33°03’S 27°55’E; 27 m; 17 July 1959.

Paratype: SAM-H1947 (UCT SCD 153J). One infertile stem; plus one whole mount; Agulhas Bank, 34°03’S 25°59’E; 84 m; 25 November 1960.

Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Corhiza mortenseni Millard, 1968: 274, fig. SA—D. Schizoholotype: SAM-—H2914 (TME 24). Two whole mounts only. Locality: off Natal, 29°48,5’S 31°18’E; approx. 219 m; 22 August 1929. Collected by: Th. Mortensen’s Java—South Africa Expedition.

Corhiza pannosa Millard, 1962: 278, fig. 3A—B, D-G.

Holotype: SAM-H362 (UCT SCD 5H). One infertile colony; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 34°15’S 25°05’E; 11 m; 19 April 1958. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Gattya tropicalis Millard & Bouillon, 1973: 79, fig. 1OA—D. Schizoholotype: SAM-—H2924 (MT 2667). One whole mount only. Locality: Beau Vallon, Mahé Island, Seychelles; 1966.

Collected by: J. Bouillon.

146 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Halopteris gemellipara Millard, 1962: 282, fig. 4A—-F.

Holotype: SAM—H308 (PF station 13810). An infertile colony; plus one whole mount. g

Locality: Agulhas Bank, approx. 33°54’S 26°51’E; 120 m; 10 September 1901.

Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

Halopteris pseudoconstricta Millard, 1975: 355, fig. 114D-G. As Halopteris constricta: Millard, 1957: 227, fig. 14A.

Holotype: SAM—H542 (UCT CP 740D). Numerous pinnate stems bearing female gonophores and a few infertile simple stems; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Melkbosstrand, Table Bay; littoral; 17 November 1967. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Halopteris rostrata Millard, 1975: 357, fig. 114A-C.

Holotype: SAM—H543 (UCT NAD 89H). Eleven infertile stems and several damaged ones growing on skeleton of antipatharian; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: off Natal, 29°11’S 32°02’E; 70 m; 30 July 1964. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Monostaechas faurei Millard, 1958: 204, fig. 11.

Holotype: SAM-HSS8 (PF station 12028). Six male stems; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: off Natal, approx. 28°41’S 32°22’E; 62 m; 27 February 1901. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

Monostaechas natalensis Millard, 1958: 206, fig. 12.

Holotype: SAM-H79 (PF station 12456). Many stems, male and female; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: off Natal, approx. 30°32’S 30°38,5’E; 46 m; 22 March 1901.

Paratypes: SAM-H48 (PF station 11803). One infertile stem; plus one whole mount; off Natal, approx. 29°00’S 31°49’E; 24 m; 8 February 1901.

SAM-H76 (PF station 12392). Several infertile stems; plus one whole mount; off Natal, approx. 31°02,5’S 30°18’E; 46 m; 14 March 1901.

Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 147

Subfamily Plumulariinae Plumularia antonbruuni Millard, 1967: 185, fig. 5.

Holotype: SAM—-H1647 (UCT ABD 14C). Three male stems; plus one whole mount.

Locality: off Natal, 29°45’S 31°40’E; 440 m; 8 September 1964. Collected by: R.V. Anton Bruun.

Plumularia irregularis Millard, 1958: 210, fig. 13A—C. = Kirchenpaueria irregularis: Millard, 1975: 370, fig. 118D-G (transferred to subfamily Kirchenpaueriinae).

Holotype: SAM-H119 (UCT DBN 70Q). Three infertile stems; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Salisbury Island, Durban Bay; littoral; 22 July 1950. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Plumularia mossambicae Millard, 1975: 393, fig. 123E-G.

Holotype: SAM-H1866 (UCT PED 4V). One whole mount only (infertile stem).

Locality: off Mozambique, 24°46’S 35°18’E; 110 m; 18 August 1964. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Plumularia pennycuikae Millard & Bouillon, 1973: 85, fig. L1ON-P.

As Plumularia sp.: Pennycuik, 1959: 183, pl. 3 (fig. 7). Schizoholotype: SAM—H2925 (MT 2668). One whole mount only. Locality: Silhouette Island, Seychelles; 1966.

Collected by: J. Bouillon.

Subfamily Aglaopheniinae Cladocarpus crepidatus Millard, 1975: 417, fig. 130A-—C.

Holotype: SAM-H537 (UCT SST 6GG). One female stem; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 35°22’S 22°31’E; 200 m; 20 June 1972. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Cladocarpus natalensis Millard, 1977b: 127, fig. 10.

Holotype: SAM-H2861 (SM station 86). Five fertile stems; plus one whole mount.

Locality: off Natal, 27°59,5’S 32°40,8’E; 550 m; 22 May 1976. Collected by: R.V. Meiring Naude.

148 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Cladocarpus paries Millard, 1975: 483, fig. 143. Holotype: SAM-H1914. One infertile stem; plus two whole mounts. Locality: Agulhas Bank, 33°25’S 27°29’E; 70 m; 23 January 1975. Collected by: South African Museum.

Cladocarpus unicornus Millard, 1975: 429, fig. 133E-F.

Holotype: SAM-—H538 (UCT PED 4S). One infertile stem; plus one whole mount.

Locality: off Mozambique, 24°46’S 35°18’E; 110 m; 18 August 1964. Collected by: University of Cape Town.

Halicornaria africana Millard, 1958: 215, fig. 1SA—C. = Gymnangium africanum (Millard). Holotype: SAM-—H120 (UCT AFR 1028B). One infertile colony; plus one whole mount.

Locality: off Natal, 28°28’S 32°25,8’E; 27 m; 15 May 1948. Collected by: R.V. Africana IT.

Halicornaria arcuata var. epizootica Millard, 1958: 218, fig. 15F. = Gymnangium arcuatum (Lamouroux, 1816), epizootic form.

Holotype: SAM-H73 (PF station 12392). One whole mount only, infertile, epizootic on Thecocarpus formosus (Busk).

Locality: off Natal, approx. 31°02,5’S 30°18’E; 46 m; 14 March 1901. Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

Halicornaria exserta Millard, 1962: 309, fig. 11A—E. = Gymnangium exsertum (Millard).

Holotype: SAM-H169 (PF station 596). One fertile stem; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, approx. 33°49’S 25°56’E; depth unknown; 11 November 1898.

Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

Halicornaria exserta epizootica Millard, 1962: 309, fig. 11F—H. = Gymnangium exsertum (Millard), epizootic form.

Holotype: SAM—H320 (PF station 13915). Colony epizootic on Thecocarpus flexuosus umbellatus Millard; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, approx. 34°05’S 26°34’E; 115 m; 23 September 1901.

Collected by: R.S. Pieter Faure.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 149

Thecocarpus flexuosus umbellatus Millard, 1962: 316, fig. 12B, M.

Holotype: SAM—H363 (UCT SCD 36M). Large infertile colony; plus one whole mount.

Locality: Agulhas Bank, 32°15,2’S 28°57,7'E; 49,5 m; 19 May 1958. Collected by: University of Cape Town. .

Thecocarpus giardi var. solidus Millard, 1958: 222, fig. 16B—C. = Thecocarpus flexuosus solidus Millard.

Holotype: SAM-—H121 (UCT AFR 1028A). Large fertile colony; plus two whole mounts.

Locality: off Natal, 28°28’S 32°25,8’E; 27 m; 15 May 1948. Collected by: R.V. Africana IT.

REFERENCES

BALE, W. M. 1888. On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 3: 745-799.

CouGHTREY, M. 1876. Critical notes on the New Zealand Hydroida. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 8: 298-302.

Fraser, C. M. 1914. Some hydroids of the Vancouver Island region. Trans. R. Soc. Can. (3) 8: 99-216.

Gow, C. & MILLARD, N. A. H. 1975. Two new species of campanularian hydroids from South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 67: 1-6.

GrAVIER, N. 1970. Etude des Hydraires epiphytes des Phanérogames marines de la région de Tulear (sud-oest de Madagascar). Recl Trav. Stn mar. Endoume-Marseille 10: 111-161.

Lamouroux, J. V. F. 1816. Histoire des polypiers coralligénes flexibles, vulgairement nommés zoophytes. Caen: Poisson.

MILLarD, N. A. H. 1955. New species of Hydrozoa from South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 41: 215-222.

MILLarD, N. A. H. 1957. The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 43: 173-243.

Miiiarp, N. A. H. 1958. Hydrozoa from the coasts of Natal and Portuguese East Africa. Part I. Calyptoblastea. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 44: 165-226.

Mirarp, N. A. H. 1959a. Hydrozoa from the coasts of Natal and Portuguese East Africa. Part II. Gymnoblastea. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 44: 297-313.

MILLarD, N. A. H. 1959b. Hydrozoa from ships’ hulls and experimental plates in Cape Town docks. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 45: 239-256.

Mitrarp, N. A. H. 1962. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part I. The Plumulariidae. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 46: 261-319.

MILLARD, N. A. H. 1964. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 48: 1-56.

MiLiarp, N. A. H. 1966. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part III. The Gymnoblastea and small families of Calyptoblastea. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 48: 427-487.

MILLARD, N. A. H. 1967. Hydroids from the south-west Indian Ocean. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 50: 169-194.

Mirrarp, N. A. H. 1968. South African hydroids from Dr Th. Mortensen’s Java—South Africa Expedition, 1929-1930. Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren. 131: 251-288.

MILLARD, N. A. H. 1971. Hydrozoa. In: ZINDEREN BAKKER, E. M. VAN, WINTERBOTTOM, J. M. & Dyer, R. A., eds. Marion and Prince Edward Islands: 396-408. Cape Town: A. A. Balkema.

Mitiarp, N. A. H. 1973. Auto-epizoism in South African hydroids. Proc. Second Internat. Symp. Cnidaria; Publs Seto mar. biol. Lab. 20: 23-34.

150 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

MILLARD, N. A. H. 1975. Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 68: 1-513.

MILLARD, N. A. H. 1977a. Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD.03 of the Marion- Dufresne. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 73: 1-47.

MiLiarb, N. A. H. 19776. The South African Museum’s Meiring Naude cruises. Part 3. Hydroida. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 73: 105-131.

Miiiarp, N. A. H. & BOoUuILLoN, J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annls Mus. r. Afr, cent. Sér. 8 vo (Sci. zool.) 206: 1-106.

MILLARD, N. A. H. & BouILLon, J. 1974. A collection of hydroids from Mocgambique, East Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 65: 1-40.

MILLARD, N. A. H. & BoumILLon, J. 1975. Additional hydroids from the Seychelles. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 69: 1-15.

Mutper, J. E. & Trepitcock, R. E. 1915. Victorian Hydroida. With description of new species. Part V. Geelong Nat. 1915: 51-59.

PENNYCUIK, P. R. 1959. Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. Marine and brackish water hydroids. Pap. Dep. Zool. Univ. Qd 1: 141-210.

Rees, W. J. 1962. Hydroids of the family Cytaeidae L. Agassiz, 1862. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.) 8: 381-400.

TuteL, H. 1962. Clavopsella quadranularia nov. spec. (Clavopsellidae nov. fam.), ein neuer Hydroidpolyp aus der Ostsee und seine phylogenetische Bedeutung. Z. Morph. Okol. Tiere 51: 227-260.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform to the Jnternational code of zoological nomenclature (particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. nov., sp. nov., comb. nov., Syn. nov., etc.

An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s name and year. The author’s name (and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon.

Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.:

Family Nuculanidae Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845) Figs 14-15A Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37. Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: 50. Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (fig. 8a—b). Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87. Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

Note punctuation in the above example: comma separates author’s name and year semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author full stop separates references by different authors figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers

Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is not acceptable.

In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci- mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number, depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach Port Elizabeth (33°51’S 25°39’E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers and date.

7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES

Capital initial letters

(a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text _ e.g. *... the Figure depicting C. namacolus ...’; ‘. . . in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...’

(b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded by initials or full names e.g. Du Toit but A.L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene

(c) Scientific names, but not their vernacular derivatives e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian

Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary

Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person k

Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a book or article, such as ‘Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’ saat

Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively. ;

Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the requirements of Biological Abstracts.

‘wii

N. A. H. MILLARD

TYPE SPECIMENS OF HYDROIDA (COELENTERATA) IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM